Process of making linings for jordan engine shells



Dec. 28, 1937. H. D. STUCK ET AL PROCESS OF MAKING LININGS FOR JORDANENGINE SHELLS Original Filed June 2, 1934 5 Sheets-Sheet l I l "PL Dec.28, 1937. H. D. STUCK ET AL 2,103,344 Pnocass OF MAKING LININGSFORJORDAN ENGINE SHELLS s Sheets-Sheet 2 Original Filedfiune 2, 1934 I "allINVENTOR b M H MA. j,

a 4 4e 7 "ll/I W /A TONY Dec. 28, 1937. H. D. STUCK ET AL 2,103,344

PROCESS OF MAKING LININGS FOR JORDAN ENGINE SHELLS Original Filed June2, 1934 .5 Sheets-Sheet 3 -2/VENT0RW'.

a I I ORE) Patented Dec. 28, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICES PROCESSOF MAKING LININGS FOR JORDAN ENGINE SHELLS Refiled for applicationSerial No.- 728,780, June 2, 1934. This application February 25, 1937,

Serial No. 127,700

4 Claims. (Cl. 92-27) V This invention relates to the filling or liningsof Jordan engines. This application is refiled for the applicantsabandoned application Serial No. 728,870, filed June 2, 1934.

6 A Jordan engine includes a frustro-conical shell on the inside ofwhich is a filling formed of knives or knife edges which projectradially inward and a plug of frustro-conical shape which has knives orbars projecting outward radially and which revolve inside the shell.

Formerly these shell fillings were built up in the shell itself byputting in position alternately knives and wooden separators, cheekpieces and holding bars and tightening the knives and sepa- 15 ratorstogether by the action of wedges driven in from the large end. Morerecently, however, all metal fillings such as described in his PatentNo. 946,752 by Bahr have been used and fillings in which the knives andseparators had holes and 20 were strung on and held in position by wiresor rods which passed through these holes, as see Abbe No. 235,844.Another type is such as shown in patent to Bolton No. 1,642,327 in whichthe knives and separators are held together by 25 a thin metal jacketand still another type like patent to Martindale No. 1,494,265 where theknives and separators are held together by wires and babbitt. 1

These fillings have been formed in gangs of one-eighth, one-quarter orone-half circle and have also been made in complete circles of 360 butmore often as a complete 360 filling, but with a longitudinal slot topermit the lining to be inserted in the shell and then expanded by meansof a wedge driven into the slot.

A large proportion of fillings, whether of the old unassembled type orthe later preconstructed type, use wooden separators between the knivesand the well known swelling of wood in water has been utilized to helphold the filling firmly in place and against rotation. The swelling ofthe wood, when wet, if confined circumferentia lly, pushes out radiallyagainst the inside of the shell and helps to prevent the filling fromrevolving with the plug.

In making a preconstructed or preassembled filling, it has been founddesirable, if not necessary, to provide a mould or jig, corresponding insize with the inside surface of the shell to be fitted, and to use thisas a mould for a cast filling or as a jig or form for assembling theknives and separators of a compound filling. The axis of a Jordan shellin place is horizontal and it is much easier to work with a mould or jigor form 55 having a vertical axis.

In assembling the knives and woods of a'pre constructed filling in a jigor form, it has been the universal custom to place in position, either 4around the whole circumference or with the ends resting against stops, asubstantial number of knives andseparators ending with oppositely V therequired tightness, the-assembling wedges be ing replaced by others andsome or all being left out of the complete assembly,

The parts may be held in place as described above by being strung onwires or-by babbitt or in a jacket orthey may be held atthe ends.

These assembling wedges are generally driven in by powerful sledgehammers or bars by re-' peated blows and it is obvious'that the surfacesalong which the wedges must pass must be free' from any sort ofobstructions such as bolts, nuts or anything of that kind ,and it isalso obvious that when a wedge is started, thepressure is almostentirely at the large end of the assembly, being gradually transmittedto the small end as the wedge is driven in. V V f It is also obviousthat there is great loss of pressure power from blows, between the wedgeand the cheek pieces and that the heavy pounding, necessary in drivingin a wedge, is ObjGC",

tionable because it may displace the parts and may also damage andpreclude the use of certain types of separators.

The crowding or squeezing, together of the knives and separators, eitherin the shell or in a mould or jig is objectionable because, each wedgeis driven by a blow. The blows oneach wedge are objectionable becausethe pressureis applied in only one place, it is sudden and has atendency to displace the parts, .to weaken the parts and precludes theuse of' certain types of separators. V p

Moreover, the parts must-be assembledin a truncated, conical mould andwhether wedges are driven longitudinally or radially. the successiveblows tend to distort the assembly.

This invention provides for applying great pressure which'may be of thehydraulic type, along substantially the entire length of successiveassemblies of knives and separators and this pressure may be applied andthe parts'may be assembled without the use of a jig, form or mould. Bysuccessively applying substantially the same pressure alongsubstantially the entire length of a knife or separator at substantiallythe same time in assembling the whole or part of a preassembled liningfor a Jordan engine shell, not only are the voids filled thoroughly, butthe assembly can be made so that it will almost perfectly fit the shell.

However, it is usually made with a split for a fitting wedge, by whichit is expanded in a wellknown manner so as to fit the shell.

While we prefer to use a steady, powerful pressure such as. may beproduced by a hydraulic press, a screw press or other means of squeezingand we prefer to use a pressure which can be controlled and determinedin advance and to apply this successively to relatively small groups ofknives and separators, we recognize that pressure might be applied insome other way.

Our purpose is to obtain a uniform degree of tightness of the parts andone which is greater and more evenly distributed than by known methodsof assembling.

Preferably after each successive group is assembled, we prefer to lockthe parts thereof from displacement in service thus providing a strongerunit and one which will stand greater strains and stresses than anyknown assembly of separate members without injury.

By our process we secure maximum and uniform tightness between the partscircumferentially around the unit and we obtain this by exerting a knownand uniform pressure upon each member of or sub-group of relativelysmall groups. By our process of assembling, we not only do away withwedging, but also with the necessity of using a mould, form or jig forshaping the filling. We may use guides as described herein or we mayfinish or set the complete split section of filling by forcing it into amould after it is completely assembled.

We claim as new the process of applying regulated, predeterminedpressure preferably of greater force than can readily be applied bywedging, to a small group of parts, preferably along the entire lengthat the same time and preferably of substantially the same force alongthe length and of adding to these groups by building step by step untila larger unit or section is formed, but also preferably of retaining orlooking the members of each group successively in place while they arestill underpressure.

This particular application has to do with the process or method ofassembling the knives and separators in making a preassembled, bodilytransportable filling for a Jordan engine shell.

Our preferred type of filling is of the staggered riveted type which isthe subject of another application pending herewith, but our process maybe used in forming fillings which are locked or held together in otherways. Some of such other fillings will be described herein.

We claim as new, the process of applying great, but steady andcontrolled pressure to a small group of members while held in positionand of .etaining or looking them in squeezed position by means differentfrom the squeezing means during and after the squeezing means has beenreleased.

Preferably such pressure and locking is applied to groups successivelyand the groups themselves are squeezed and locked together. The membersof each group and the groups themselves may be held or locked in placedu ing nd, after squeezing by rivets or similar devices, by curved wirerods headed at each end, by bolts, by welding, by being held at the endsor in various other ways or they may simply be held together by glue orcement after the individual parts have been uniformly squeezed togetherby great pressure.

In fact, the pressure may be so great as to destroy the naturalelasticity or resiliency of the separators so that when the pressure isremoved,

they will retain their compressed size and shape at least until theassembly is introduced into a shell and subjected to moisture which maycause the separators to swell.

In the drawings, Fig. 1 is an isometric diagrammatic view of a Jordanshell with a lining such as produced by the process described hereinpartly inserted in the shell and with a wedge partly inserted in thesplit in the shell.

Fig. 2 is an isometric view of a broken section of a knife showing theconstruction of the rivet holes.

Fig. 3 is an isometric view showing part of one end of a rivet with askirt.

Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional view through a first knife, a firstseparator and a second knife with one rivet passing through the variousholes with an end projecting as it is before such an end is headed over.

Fig. 5 is an isometric view of a first knife and a second knife with afirst separator between them with a second set of rivets projecting fromthe second knife and some of the first sets of rivets headed and somenot headed.

Fig. 6 is a transverse sectional view of two knives with a separatorafter a rivet has been headed.

Fig. 7 is a horizontal sectional view on the line 1- of Fig. 6, therivets and holes showing in full lines.

Fig. 8 is a vertical transverse sectional view similar to Fig. 6 showinga plurality of knives and separators with a plurality of rivets someheaded and some not headed, the assembled parts beingheld in place byjaws and with a pressure plate in position to squeeze the partstogether.

direction of the arrow on line 9-9 of Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a view similar to Fig. 4 showing a construction in which therivets have no skirt, but are headed at both ends.

Fig. 11 is a sectional View similar, to Fig. 9 showing a construction inwhich groups are made up of four knives and three separators heldtogether by long rivets.

Fig. 12 is a sectional view showing how the 45 Fig. 9 is a sectionalview looking down in the cheek pieces can be attached on each side ofthe split and with a wedge driven part way into the split.

Fig. 13 is a diagrammatic plan view showing one type of machine whichcan be used in applying our process to the assembling of a lining suchas described herein.

Fig. 14 is a diagrammatic elevation showing part of a machine such asshown in Fig. 13 suitable for using our process.

Fig. 14A is an isometric view showing in detail a bottom guide which maybe used in assembling the members.

Fig. 15 is a view similar to Fig. 9 showing bolts in place of rivets.

Fig. 16 is a view similar to Fig. 9 showing a construction in which oneend of a rod is welded to a knife and the other end is passed through ahole in another knife and either headed or welded in place.

17, is an isometric view -of an assembled Jordan shell liningof thesplit type with special cheek pieces riveted on.

Fig. 18 is a horizontal, sectional view showing a different mechanismfor assembling a somewhat different type of segment.

Fig. 19 is a plan view of a mechanism and process applied in assemblinga modified type of filling.

Fig. 20 is a view similar to Fig. 14 with two pressure plates instead ofone.

Fig. 21 is a plan View ofa machine and of the process used in assemblingstill another type of filling.

Fig. 22 is an isometric view of a top starting guide similar to thebottom starting guide shown in Fig. 14A.

This is a successive process and for convenience the knives andseparators as well as the rivets, as far as possible, will be designatedby letters associated with numbers I, 2, 3, etc. to indicate therelative position of the various parts as the Jordan filling liningsection is built up.

Pressure might perhaps be applied successively by wedges driven inaxially in the usual way lengthwise, but pressure so produced is notuniform and cannot be regulated nor predetermined.

We prefer, therefore, to use a machine such as described herein wherebythe knives and separators are successively assembled and held in a visewhile additional knives and separators are added and squeezed or pressedtogether by a definitely regulated pressure. Such pressure may beproduced hydraulically, by screw mechanism, levers, or in any other wayin which a steady uniform pressure can be applied in the successivebuilding of a truncated conical filler for Jordan shells.

It is desirable that pressure should be a plied at as many points aspossible along the length of each knife or separator without inerfering, however, with the clinching or locking of the locking devices,if any, used to hold the assembly together. K represents the first orstarting knife which is of the usual bent or angular type and is thesame as the other knives except that one set of rivet holes maybeomitted. As shown each knife has two sets of holes indicated by H and Hbut the holes H may be omitted in the knife K if desired.

In the preferred construction, the holes H and H are in line and downtoward the base or outside of the knife so that they will reg ster withsimilar holes such as indicated at L or L through the adjoiningseparator. Preferably each hole H has a cylindrical part 23 each sidebeing chamfered at 22 and 21 while each hole H has a cylindrical part 25only one side being chamfered at 26.

Each separator hole such as L has a straight cylindrical part 30 and achamfered part 3! and each rivet such as R has a straight cylindricalpart Ii! which fits snugly in hole 39 and has a skirt 1 which flares atl l to fit chamfer 3! and contracts at l2 to fit the chamfer 22 andagainis cylindrical at 3 to fit 23 and is headed over at I! to fit thechamfer 27. At the other end, the part ii) fits the part 25 of hole H inknife K and is headed over at IE to fit the chamfer 26.

It will be observed thatthe skirt and head on each rivet holds andregisters in a knife such as K and that the other headsuch as it locks aseparator such as W between two knives'K and K When starting, the fourrivets R R R}, R}

are fastened toand stickiout-jfromyknife K and "over these ;-rivets ispositioned the first separator W andv thenbeyond this a second knife Kfrom whichproject another set of rivets R is positioned;

Before the first setrofrivets R are'headed over at It, pressureisapplied to squeeze K and K together with W between them, this pressurebeing applied between the sets of rivet holes, as shown.

In fixing each set of rivets by means of its skirt ll,'|2, the end 13may be out off at I4 that their inside-width is less than their outsidewidth so that, as the assembly is built up, it assumes a predeterminedcircular form or rather follows the contour of a truncated cone so thata complete assembly'such as B in Fig. 1 can be introduced into theJordan shell such as S and can be expanded therein as by means of awedge Z, there being left alengthwise slot for the wedge between thecheek pieces indicatd by C and C The same principle can, of course, beapplied to a lining for a shell where the knives are of keystone shapeand the separators of some other shape. 'In fact, it can be applied to'assembling any known types of members, such as knives, separators ofwood or other material, cheek pieces, anchor bars'or wedges.

As shown in Fig. 11, instead of using groups of two knives and. oneseparator, one'of' the outside knives of each group serving as anoutside member of a second group, we can usegroups such as of fourknives with three separators held together by long rivets such as 6! and6 2 which pass through the intermediate knives aswell as the. separatorsand lock together the outside knives :of the alternating groups.

section or segment of a Jordan filling with only 1 a cheek piece andwedge slot for cheek pieces and a wedge, suchas shown at H in Fig. 1,can be built up or the process can stop at'any desired point. In thisway segments of 180, or any other size can be built and if desired,compound cheek pieces can be'riveted on to the adjoining knives as shownC 0* in Figs. 12 and 1'7.

The compound cheek piece C is made up of a wooden member llil faced witha metal strip Hi and is fastened to the adjoining knife by rivets suchas H2 while compound cheek piece C is made up of wooden member H3 facedwith a metal strip H4, the'whole being held to theadjoining knife byrivets H5.

A represents a fixed jaw or base having preferably a curved face 5 whichcorresponds with the surface of a truncated conical segment which mightbe formed by the inner faces of the knives of a Jordan shell filling.

B represents a movable jaw whose inner face 52 corresponds with theinner face of a Jordan shell or the outer face of the filling for such ashell. Jaw B can be moved in and out towards jaw A by means of a pistonrod 45 carried by a piston 46 in a cylinder T which may be operated byhydraulic pressure or in any other way. In fact, pressure can be appliedto jaw B in any known Way.

The purpose of jaws A and B is to clamp a single knife K or an assemblysuch as K W and K or K W K W, K firmly in place so that additionalseparators and knives when slipped over the rivets can be squeezed upagainst them as by pressure plate P shown as pivoted to jaw A at 50.

Plate P is provided with passages such as 40 which coincide with theposition of the rivets R R and their respective holes and are operatedby means of a piston rod 44 carried by a piston 48 working in a cylinderE. Preferably these cylinders E and T are of the double action type sothat the jaw B can be positively advanced and retracted and so that thepower arms 41, 41 for plate P can be positively moved back and forth atwill.

As shown in Fig. 14, the groups while being assembled can rest on atable such as 48 and, as shown in Fig. 14A, a curved starting guide 49fastened to table 48 can be used to give the right curve to theassembly.

As shown in Figs. 14 and 22,'a similar guide I49 can be used forstarting the top or the other end on the right curve.

As the knives and woods are assembled, squeezed and locked in positionthey are moved along between jaws A and B as shown by the dotted linesat X and separators and knives are added, squeezed on, the rivets out ifnecessary and headed so that the process is continuous.

As shown in Fig. 10, the skirt or collar such as H, l2 of the rivets maybe omitted and the knives l5! and I52 may be held together with theseparator I53 between them by rivets such as I54 which are merely headedat each end.

As shown in Fig. 15, knives such as D, D with cylindrical holes such as90 with no chamfering and no counter-boring can be used and two knivessuch as D, D with a separator such as F between them can be boltedtogether by means of bolts such as G. These bolts G are shown as havingheads 93 which are set into recesses such as 94 in an adjoiningseparator and as having a shank 92 of cylindrical shape which passesthrough a cylindrical hole at 9| in a separator F, the parts being heldtogether by nuts such as I also located in recesses such as 95 in aseparator F.

It is also obvious that rods such as I00, shown in Fig. 16, might beused instead of headed rivets and it is obvious that these could bewelded in holes in the respective knives or that one end could be weldedto one knife IN and the other end pushed through a hole in another knifeI02 and welded therein. The welding is indicated by :03 and I04.

In Fig. 18, we show a segment of truncated conical Jordan shell fillingin which five knives and four separators have successively been squeezedtogether against a stop by a pressure arm 8|, the knives and separatorsbeing originally strung on or pierced by a curved rod 12 with a head 13at one end. This rod is headed at 14 through the opening 15 in pressurearm 8|.

In Fig. 19 is shown part of an assembly of knives l6 and separators 11which have been or are being assembled under pressure by a plate such asP, the parts being separated by glue or cement 18 which holds themtogether after the pressure plate P has been released.

In Fig. 21 is shown a segment of a shell filling made up of knives 83and separators 84 which are assembled as hereinbefore described exceptthat the pressure plate P bears against a separator 84 instead of aknife 83. While pressure is still applied, the staples are driven ateach end into the separators, spanning the knives thereby, locking theassembly together.

As shown in Fig. 18, jaws such as A and B can be dispensed with and aform such as I00 with a suitable cavity |0l together with a power arm orplunger 8| which can enter cavity I 0| can be used for successivelyheading and squeezing knives and separators.

In assembling types of filling such as shown in Figs. 19 and 21 wherethere are no rivets and no rods to hold the parts together as they aresuccessively assembled, a removable rod I05 of suitable shape can be putbetween the separator and the fixed jaw so as to keep the separator inplace out against the movable jaw while the parts are under pressurefrom the power plate P.

In Figs. 13 and 14, we show and hereinbefore we describe asingle'pressure plate P operated by a single cylinder E. While thisgives a substantially uniform pressure along the length of any memberwith which it is in contact, there may be a slight variation between thedifferent ends and in some cases it may be desirable to apply adifferent pressures at the large end from What there is at the smallend.

As shown in Fig. 20, we may, therefore, use two or more pressure plateslike 20l and 202 with suitable rivet holes 203, 204 each carried by itsown arms 205, or 206 and each operated by its own piston 20! or 208 eachgiven power by its own cylinder 209 or 2l0. With such a device,substantially different pressures can be given if and.

when different pressures were desirable. In the claims where the termmember is used, it applies to the knives, separators whether of wood orother material, cheek pieces, anchor bars or wedges. Where theexpression direction at substantially right angles to the length isused, it is meant pressure in a direction which is substantiallyparallel to a plane which is tangent to the outside of the filling as itis when finished. In the claims there are three elements which more orless limit the meaning. These are a substantially uniform pressureapplied at substantially a uniform time along substantially the entirelength of a group.

We do not, however, intend to limit ourselves to a process in which allthree of these elements are essential.

The pressure may vary more or less from one end of a member to the otherend, the time of the application may be somewhat different and it ispossible that satisfactory results might be obtained by successivelyapplying pressure from one end of a member to the other thus squeezingthe parts together and then holding them by successively heading overrivets or in some such manner, but it is believed more satisfactoryresults are obtained by applying pressure simultaneously at two or morepoints or preferably along substantially the entire length of acomponent member and then locking the parts in place under pressure.

The principal feature of this process is the use of a known andcontrollable pressure in squeezing together relatively small groups ofmembers and, after the members of each group are so squeezed, of lockingthem and of then adding on other groups, of squeezing and locking themuntil a substantially complete segment or section of a circle of almost360 has been built or any smaller section has been built.

The component members of such a section will all have been subjected tosubstantially the same pressure and the strength of the assembly will besubstantially the same throughout.

We believe we are the first to hold a group of assembled parts inposition and then by outside means to squeeze them up together until allvoids are filled and the parts are perfectly fitted, whether they arethen held or locked in place as by rivets or are merely held together byglue or cement. r

We claim:

1 The process of making a section of a preassembled built up lining fora Jordan engine shell which consists of assembling a group of theelements and of holding them in position while predetermined pressure isapplied to them in a direction at substantially right anglesto thelength, of holding the pressed together parts in place and of addingother groups, of applying similar pressure to such groups successively,and of holding such groups together with the preceding group or V 2. Amachine for assembling a group of knives and'separators for a truncatedconical Jordan engine shell, which machine includes holding jaws 7gethera group of knives and separators to form a a segment of apreassembled lining fora truncated groups until a larger section or thefilling is built up a o conical Jordan engine shell which machineincludes means to hold the group in place while a pressure jaw squeezesthe members of the group circumferentially together, and said pressurejaw.

4. The process of making part of a new preassembled lining for a Jordonengine shell which consists of successively assembling small groups ofknives and separators, each group forming a short arc, and of applyingat substantially the same time substantially the same pressure alongsubstantially the entire length of a knife or separator to squeeze themembers of each group together, of locking the members of each group inposition while under pressure, of relieving the pressure and thenassembling another group and applying similar pressure to squeeze themembers together and to the first group, of looking the members of thesecond group together and to the first group and of adding other groupssuccessively in the same manner.

HAROLD D. STUCK," PHILIP A. DE NAULT.

